The upper head originates from the infratemporal surface and the infratemporal crest of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone.
2.
The "'infratemporal surface "'( below the temple ) is convex, directed to the back and to the side, and forms part of the infratemporal fossa.
3.
The groove begins at the middle of the posterior border ( with which it is continuous ) near the upper edge of the infratemporal surface and, passing forward, ends in a canal which subdivides into two branches.
4.
Medial to the anterior extremity of the infratemporal crest is a triangular process that serves to increase the attachment of the lateral pterygoid muscle; extending downward and medialward from this process on to the front part of the lateral pterygoid plate is a ridge that forms the anterior limit of the infratemporal surface, and, in the articulated skull, the posterior boundary of the pterygomaxillary fissure.
5.
They then enter the alveolar canals on the infratemporal surface of the maxilla, and, passing from behind forward in the substance of the bone, communicate with the middle superior alveolar nerve, and give off branches to the lining membrane of the maxillary sinus and gingival and dental branches to each molar tooth from a superior dental plexus; these branches enter the apical foramina at the roots of the teeth.
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